Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular system and is the leading
cause of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Excessive generation of reactive oxygen …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in mediating both physiological
and pathophysiological signal transduction. Enzymes and subcellular compartments that …

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is incompletely coupled, since protons translocated
to the intermembrane space by specific respiratory complexes of the electron transport chain …

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is in charge of numerous
catabolic and anabolic signaling pathways to sustain appropriate intracellular adenosine …

Nearly every tissue in the body undergoes routine turnover of cells as part of normal healthy
living. The majority of these cells undergoing turnover die via apoptosis, and then are rapidly …

Oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis are involved in the pathogenesis of
doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. Matrine is well-known for its powerful anti-oxidant …

At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their
effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and …

Macrophage immunometabolism, the changes in intracellular metabolic pathways that alter
the function of these highly plastic cells, has been the subject of intense interest in the past …

Mitochondria couple respiration to ATP synthesis through an electrochemical proton
gradient. Proton leak across the inner membrane allows adjustment of the coupling …

Macrophages are present throughout the human body, constitute important immune effector
cells, and have variable roles in a great number of pathological, but also physiological …