Taxonomic and functional changes to the composition of the gut microbiome have been
implicated in multiple human diseases. Recent microbiome genome-wide association …

In the initiation of innate immune responses against pathogens, pattern-recognition
receptors (PRRs) have an essential role in recognizing specific components of …

Entry of bacteria into host cells is an important virulence mechanism. Through peptidoglycan
recognition, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins NOD1 and …

Innate immune cells have a critical role in defense against infection and disease. Central to
this is the broad specificity with which they can detect pathogen‐associated patterns and …

The innate immune system deploys a variety of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) which
include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and C-type lectin …

Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)‐like receptors (NLRs) are a specialized group of
intracellular proteins that play a critical role in the regulation of the host innate immune …

The mechanisms by which the recognition of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands leads to host
immunity remain poorly defined. It is now thought that to induce an effective immune …

Toll-like receptors play a critical role in innate immunity by detecting invading pathogens.
The ability of TLRs to engage different intracellular signaling molecules and cross-talk with …

The innate immune system comprises several classes of pattern recognition receptors,
including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and RIG-1-like receptors …

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) protein, NOD2, belonging to the
intracellular NOD-like receptor family, detects conserved motifs in bacterial peptidoglycan …