Although cross generation (CGP) and multigenerational (MGP) plasticity have been
identified as mechanisms of acclimation to global change, the weight of evidence indicates …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

The polar regions, notably the Arctic and maritime Antarctic, are experiencing impacts from
climate change at magnitudes and rates that are among the highest in the world, and will …

Coincident with recent global warming, species have shifted their geographic distributions to
cooler environments, generally by moving along thermal axes to higher latitudes, higher …

Ocean acidification (OA) leads to significant changes in seawater carbon chemistry, broadly
affects marine organisms, and considered as a global threat to the fitness of marine …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

To reduce sulfur emission from global shipping, exhaust gas cleaning systems are
increasingly being installed on board commercial ships. These so-called scrubbers extract …

Long-term stress on marine organisms from ocean acidification will differ between seasons.
As atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) increases, so do seasonal variations of ocean CO2 …

The polar regions have already experienced some of the planet's strongest climatic change
and, regardless of the warming scenario, these regions will experience profound …

This study synthesizes results from observations, laboratory experiments and models to
showcase how the integration of scientific methods and indigenous knowledge can improve …