Classically all vaccines were produced using live or attenuated microorganisms or parts of
them. However, the use of whole organisms, their components or the biological process for …

Background. Randomized trials assessing BCG vaccine protection against tuberculosis
have widely varying results, for reasons that are not well understood. Methods. We …

There are 9 million cases of active tuberculosis reported annually; however, an estimated
one-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains …

Background The generation of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by MHC class II activated CD4+ T
helper cells play a substantial contribution in the control of infections such as caused by …

A number of new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines have been or are entering clinical trials, which
include genetically modified mycobacteria, mycobacterial antigens delivered by viral …

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death worldwide due to an infectious disease,
causing around 1.6 million deaths each year. This situation has become more complicated …

BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that the duration of protection by bacillus
Calmette-Guérin (BCG) may exceed previous estimates with potential implications for …

CD4+ T cells have a crucial role in mediating protection against a variety of pathogens
through production of specific cytokines. However, substantial heterogeneity in CD4+ T-cell …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an obligate human pathogen capable of persisting in
individual hosts for decades. We sequenced the genomes of 21 strains representative of the …

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of antiquity. Yet TB today still causes more adult deaths than
any other single infectious disease. Recent studies show that contrary to the common view …