Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in working age adults. DR has non-
proliferative stages, characterized in part by retinal neuroinflammation and ischemia, and …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the major reason for blindness in the
industrialized world with limited treatment options. Important pathogenic pathways in AMD …

Ocular levels of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-8, and IL-6 correlate with progression of diabetic retinopathy
(DR). Müller cells (MC), which are crucial to maintaining retinal homeostasis, are targets and …

Purpose: To investigate the effect of a selective aquaporin 4 (AQP4) inhibitor, 2-
(nicotinamide)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole (TGN-020), on the expression of vascular endothelial …

As one of the most important livestock breeds on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Tibetan sheep
are of great importance to the local economy, agriculture and culture. Its adaptive …

Microglia and Müller cells (MCs) are believed to be critically involved in hypoxia-induced
blood-retinal barrier (BRB) disruption, which is a major pathogenic factor of various …

Hypoxia chambers have traditionally been used to induce hypoxia in cell cultures. Cellular
responses to hypoxia can also be mimicked with the use of chemicals such as cobalt …

Purpose.: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role (s) of cytochrome P450
epoxygenases (CYPs) and their products, the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), in hypoxia …

Purpose: Exogenous erythropoietin (EPO) is being considered for tissue protection and
angiogenesis in retinal vascular diseases. However, studies are limited by insufficient tools …

The ovulatory LH-surge increases Vegf gene expression in granulosa cells (GCs)
undergoing luteinization during ovulation. To understand the factors involved in this …