Influenza viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae with a negative-sense, single-
stranded segmented RNA genome. They infect a wide range of animals, including humans …

The recent emergence of a novel avian A/H 7 N 9 influenza virus in poultry and humans in C
hina, as well as laboratory studies on adaptation and transmission of avian A/H 5 N 1 …

The recent research findings on influenza A virus (IAV) genome biology prompted us to
present a comprehensive overview of IAV genes, protein functions, and replication cycle …

The origins of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in swine are unknown, highlighting
gaps in our understanding of influenza A virus (IAV) ecology and evolution. We review how …

The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins of influenza A virus are
responsible for the surface interactions of the virion with the host. Entry of the virus is …

Swine influenza A viruses (swIAVs) can play a crucial role in the generation of new human
pandemic viruses. In this study, in-depth passive surveillance comprising nearly 2,500 …

Influenza viruses need to use sialic acid receptors to invade host cells, and the α-2, 3 and α-
2, 6 sialic acids glycosidic bonds linking the terminal sialic acids are generally considered to …

Influenza A viruses cause respiratory infections that range from asymptomatic to deadly in
humans. Widespread outbreaks (pandemics) are attributable to 'novel'viruses that possess a …

Influenza A viruses are amongst the most challenging viruses that threaten both human and
animal health. Influenza A viruses are unique in many ways. Firstly, they are unique in the …

Influenza A viruses cause acute respiratory infections in swine that result in significant
economic losses for global pig production. Currently, three different subtypes of influenza A …