BACKGROUND Oxygen concentrations in both the open ocean and coastal waters have
been declining since at least the middle of the 20th century. This oxygen loss, or …

Ecosystem productivity in coastal ocean upwelling systems is threatened by climate change.
Increases in spring and summer upwelling intensity, and associated increases in the rate of …

ABSTRACT A large patch of anomalously warm water (nicknamed" the Blob") appeared off
the coast of Alaska in the winter of 2013–2014 and subsequently stretched south to Baja …

Sustained observations of marine biodiversity and ecosystems focused on specific
conservation and management problems are needed around the world to effectively mitigate …

The Ocean plays a central role in Earth's climate and has absorbed 93% of the extra energy
from the enhanced greenhouse effect and approximately 30% of anthropogenic carbon …

Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of
different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on …

Warming of the oceans and consequent loss of dissolved oxygen (O2) will alter marine
ecosystems, but a mechanistic framework to predict the impact of multiple stressors on …

We have developed a global biogeographic classification of the mesopelagic zone to reflect
the regional scales over which the ocean interior varies in terms of biodiversity and function …

The deep sea encompasses the largest ecosystems on Earth. Although poorly known, deep
seafloor ecosystems provide services that are vitally important to the entire ocean and …

Climate change has prompted an earlier arrival of spring in numerous ecosystems. It is
uncertain whether such changes are occurring in Eastern Boundary Current Upwelling …