This report describes the physics case, the resulting detector requirements, and the evolving
detector concepts for the experimental program at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The EIC …

We review the present status of the search for a phase transition and critical point as well as
anomalous transport phenomena in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), with an emphasis …

We study the properties of the strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma with a multistage model
of heavy-ion collisions that combines the TR ENTo initial condition ansatz, free-streaming …

Ultrarelativistic collisions of heavy atomic nuclei produce an extremely hot and dense phase
of matter, known as quark–gluon plasma (QGP), which behaves like a near-perfect fluid with …

Recent studies based on lattice Monte Carlo simulations of quantum chromodynamics
(QCD)—the theory of strong interactions—have demonstrated that at high temperature there …

Using combined data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion and Large Hadron Colliders, we
constrain the shear and bulk viscosities of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) at temperatures of∼ …

We introduce a model for heavy ion collisions named trajectum, which includes an
expanded initial stage with a variable free streaming velocity v fs and a hydrodynamic stage …

The past decade has seen unprecedented developments in the understanding of relativistic
fluid dynamics in and out of equilibrium, with connections to astrophysics, cosmology, string …

There are two mass generating mechanisms in the standard model of particle physics (SM).
One is related to the Higgs boson and fairly well understood. The other is embedded in …

High-energy cosmic rays are observed indirectly by detecting the extensive air showers
initiated in Earth's atmosphere. The interpretation of these observations relies on accurate …