During the last 100 years, cell signaling has evolved into a common mechanism for most
physiological processes across systems. Although the majority of cell signaling principles …

Calcium (Ca 2+) is an essential ligand that binds its primary intracellular receptor calmodulin
(CaM) to trigger a variety of downstream processes and pathways. Central to the actions of …

C. Mechanisms underlying modulation of parathyroid hormone secretion in response to
changes in extracellular calcium concentration persisting for hours to several days …

This article presents an overview of the mechanism of chromium (Cr) stress in plants. Toxic
effects of Cr on plant growth and development depend primarily on its valence state. Cr (VI) …

Abstract Knowledge concerning the pathophysiologic mechanisms of traumatic optic
neuropathy is limited. The optic nerve is a tract of the brain. Therefore, the cellular and …

The understanding of calcium as a second messenger in plants has been growing
intensively over the last decades. Recently, attention has been drawn to the organelles …

Calcium channels in excitable membranes are of great importance for many cellular
functions. Modulation of these channels by neurotransmitters and drugs regulates calcium …

Despite the 100 years that have elapsed since the discovery by Sidney Ringer of the vital
role for Ca2+ in the maintenance of cardiac contractility, the messenger function of Ca2+ has …

Ras activation induces a variety of cellular responses that depend on the specific activated
effector, the intensity and amplitude of its activation, and the cellular type. Transient …

Quantitative modeling indicates that, in presynaptic terminals, the intracellular calcium
concentration profile during inward calcium current is characterized by discrete peaks of …