RNA interference (RNAi) based methods are being developed for pest management. A few
products for control of coleopteran pests are expected to be commercialized soon. However …

Maintenance of homeostasis requires prompt activation and down-regulation of immune
signaling pathways. This review attempts to summarize our current knowledge regarding the …

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (including MRSA) in the clinic pose a growing threat to public
health, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have great potential as efficient treatment …

The gastrointestinal tract of all animals, including insects, is colonized by a remarkable array
of microorganisms which are referred to collectively as the gut microbiota. The hosts …

Abstract Prophenoloxidase (proPO), immune deficiency (IMD), and Toll are the major
signaling pathways leading to melanization and antimicrobial peptide production in insect …

The peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP), an important pattern recognition receptor of
insects, is significant for reducing innate immunity and effective pest control. We cloned four …

Candida albicans (C. albicans), a microbe commonly isolated from Candida vaginitis
patients with vaginal tract infections, transforms from yeast to hyphae and produces many …

Abstract Background The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a major blood-feeding pest of
livestock that has near worldwide distribution, causing an annual cost of over $2 billion for …

Widespread differential expression of immunological genes is a hallmark of the response to
infection in almost all surveyed taxa. However, several challenges remain in the attempt to …

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are family of pattern recognition receptors
(PRRs) and triggers the innate immune system (IIS) against the microbial infection. Although …