Emerging evidence suggests that liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) represents a vital
and ubiquitous phenomenon underlying the formation of membraneless organelles in …

The journey of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) as it transcribes a gene is anything but a smooth
ride. Transcript elongation is discontinuous and can be perturbed by intrinsic regulatory …

How enhancers control target gene expression over long genomic distances remains an
important unsolved problem. Here we investigated enhancer–promoter communication by …

In higher eukaryotes, fine-tuned activation of protein-coding genes and many non-coding
RNAs pivots around the regulated activity of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). The Integrator …

The elongation stage of transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) is central to the
regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental cues in …

In response to stress, human cells coordinately downregulate transcription and translation of
housekeeping genes. To downregulate transcription, the negative elongation factor (NELF) …

Termination of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription in metazoans relies largely on the
cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) and integrator (INT) complexes originally found to act …

It is unclear how various factors functioning in the transcriptional elongation by RNA
polymerase II (RNA Pol II) cooperatively regulate pause/release and productive elongation …

Transcription progression is governed by multitasking regulators including SPT5, an
evolutionarily conserved factor implicated in virtually all transcriptional steps from enhancer …

Based on in vitro studies, it has been demonstrated that the DSIF complex, composed of
SPT4 and SPT5, regulates the elongation stage of transcription catalyzed by RNA …