The functions, purposes, and roles of metallothioneins have been the subject of
speculations since the discovery of the protein over 60 years ago. This article guides …

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major problems in current practical medicine. The
spread of genes coding for resistance determinants among bacteria challenges the use of …

Metal ions are essential for many reactions, but excess metals can be toxic. In bacteria,
metal limitation activates pathways that are involved in the import and mobilization of metals …

Interest in excitotoxicity expanded following its implication in the pathogenesis of ischemic
brain injury in the 1980s, but waned subsequent to the failure of N-methyl-D-aspartate …

Free radicals are chemical particles containing one or more unpaired electrons, which may
be part of the molecule. They cause the molecule to become highly reactive. The free …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia. Despite a wealth of
knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in AD, current treatments have mainly …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) 1− 3 is the most common form of dementia (estimated∼ 50− 60%
of all cases), associated with loss of memory (in particular episodic memory), cognitive …

Zinc (II) ions are redox-inert in biology. Yet, their interaction with sulfur of cysteine in cellular
proteins can confer ligand-centered redox activity on zinc coordination sites, control protein …

The brain is a singular organ of unique biological complexity that serves as the command
center for cognitive and motor function. As such, this specialized system also possesses a …

The use of zinc in medicinal skin cream was mentioned in Egyptian papyri from 2000 BC (for
example, the Smith Papyrus), and zinc has apparently been used fairly steadily throughout …