We study the impact of the Italian Civil War and Nazi occupation of Italy in 1943–45 on
postwar political outcomes. The Communist Party, which was more active in the resistance …

We study the drivers of refugees' decision making about returning home using observational
and experimental data from a survey of 3,003 Syrian refugees in Lebanon. We find that the …

What is the causal effect of conflict on refugees' return and integration? To answer this
question, we launched a panel survey of Ukrainian refugees across Europe in June 2022 …

This paper provides an empirical analysis of refugee returns to Syria. Since 2011, about 5.6
million Syrians–more than a quarter of the country's pre-conflict population–have been …

War is the cause of tremendous human suffering. To reduce such harm, governments have
developed tools to alert civilians of imminent threats. Whether these systems are effective …

According to UNHCR reporting there are over 27 million refugees globally, many of whom
are hosted in neighboring countries which struggle with bureaucracy and service provision …

Famine is on the rise across conflict zones worldwide. Yet in Syria–unlike other
contemporary wars–the phenomenon is concentrated in urban areas, and intensified …

Counting conservatively, data show about 100 million mass atrocity-related deaths since
1900. A distinct empirical phenomenon, mass atrocities are events of enormous scale …

Governments routinely wage civil conflicts in ways that disrupt civilians' lives and livelihoods,
creating harmful externalities like internal displacement. Both fighting and displacement …

Uneven democratization is a common yet poorly understood legacy of civil war. In the
aftermath of the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990), wartime processes of displacement …