Ion channels play a central role in the regulation of nearly every cellular process. Dating
back to the classic 1952 Hodgkin–Huxley model of the generation of the action potential, ion …

The membrane of cells and intracellular organelles is 2 composed of two layers of lipids,
preventing the free “in 3 and out” movement of water and solutes that are necessary 4 for …

Neurotoxins generally inhibit or promote the release of neurotransmitters or bind to
receptors that are located in the pre-or post-synaptic membranes, thereby affecting …

Timothy Syndrome (TS)(OMIM# 601005) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome caused by
variants in CACNA1C, which encodes the α1C subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel …

Kir6. 1 and SUR2 are subunits of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels expressed in a
wide range of tissues. Extensive study has implicated roles of these channel subunits in …

Carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs), such as diabetes, galactosemia, and
mannosidosis, cause ciliopathy-like multiorgan defects. However, the mechanistic link of …

The relentless, protracted evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus imposes tremendous pressure
on herd immunity and demands versatile adaptations by the human host genome to counter …

Nerve injury threatens the health of humans and causes death and disability in adults
worldwide. The difficulty of recovery from nerve injury is that there is no newborn functional …

Objective Sarcopenia and osteoporosis substantially influence health and lifespan.
However, the variables affecting skeletal muscle mass (SMM) or bone mineral density …

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is heritable, as revealed by recent GWAS. While
polymorphisms linked to increased expression of CACNA1C—encoding the Ca V 1.2 L-type …