Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of extraskeletal bone in non-osseous tissues. It
is caused by an injury that stimulates abnormal tissue healing and regeneration, and …

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in a variety of inflammatory responses
such as wound healing, liver regeneration, and bone remodeling. As a member of the …

Brain-derived extracellular vesicles participate in interorgan communication after traumatic
brain injury by transporting pathogens to initiate secondary injury. Inflammasome-related …

Abstract Purpose of the Review The bone and hematopoietic tissues coemerge during
development and are functionally intertwined throughout mammalian life. Oncostatin M …

Heterotopic ossification is defined as an aberrant formation of bone in extraskeletal soft
tissue, for which both genetic and acquired conditions are known. This pathologic process …

Neurogenic heterotopic ossifications (NHOs) form in periarticular muscles after severe
spinal cord (SCI) and traumatic brain injuries. The pathogenesis of NHO is poorly …

Purpose of review Heterotopic ossification (HO) is associated with inflammation. The goal of
this review is to examine recent findings on the roles of inflammation and the immune …

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a pathological condition of abnormal bone formation in soft
tissue. Three factors have been proposed as required to induce HO:(a) osteogenic precursor …

The cells of origin of neurogenic heterotopic ossifications (NHOs), which develop frequently
in the periarticular muscles following spinal cord injuries (SCIs) and traumatic brain injuries …

Neurogenic heterotopic ossifications are intramuscular bone formations developing
following central nervous system injury. The pathophysiology is poorly understood and …