Twenty-five years have passed since the discovery of cyclic dimeric (3′→ 5′) GMP (cyclic
di-GMP or c-di-GMP). From the relative obscurity of an allosteric activator of a bacterial …

Microbial life abounds on surfaces in both natural and industrial environments, one of which
is the food industry. A solid substrate, water and some nutrients are sufficient to allow the …

Many bacteria swim in liquid or swarm over solid surfaces by synthesizing rotary flagella.
The same bacteria that are motile also commonly form nonmotile multicellular aggregates …

On the stage of bacterial signal transduction and regulation, bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric
guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) has long played the part of Sleeping Beauty. c-di …

Most bacterial pathogens have the remarkable ability to flourish in the external environment
and in specialized host niches. This ability requires their metabolism, physiology, and …

The ability of Salmonella to form complex surface-associated communities, called biofilms,
contributes to its resistance and persistence in both host and non-host environments and is …

Bacterial biofilms can cause medical problems and issues in technical systems. While a
large body of knowledge exists on the phenotypes of planktonic and of sessile cells in …

The formation of bacterial biofilms is initiated by cells transitioning from the free-swimming
mode of growth to a surface. This review is aimed at highlighting the common themes that …

Bacterial small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are commonly known to repress gene expression
by base pairing to target mRNAs. In many cases, sRNAs base pair with and sequester …

The sequence-specific RNA binding protein CsrA is employed by diverse bacteria in the
posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Its binding interactions with RNA have …