Currently, there is an intensive development of bipedal walking robots. The most known
solutions are based on the use of the principles of human gait created in nature during …

Animal locomotion is the result of complex and multi-layered interactions between the
nervous system, the musculo-skeletal system and the environment. Decoding the underlying …

Locomotion has influenced the ecology, evolution, and extinction of species throughout
history, yet studying locomotion in the fossil record is challenging. Computational …

Among terrestrial mammals, the largest, the 3 tonne African elephant, is one-million times
heavier than the smallest, the 3 g pygmy shrew. Body mass is the most obvious and …

Outside laboratory conditions and human-made structures, animals rarely encounter flat
surfaces. Instead, natural substrates are uneven surfaces with height variation that ranges …

The arrangement and physiology of muscle fibres can strongly influence musculoskeletal
function and whole-organismal performance. However, experimental investigation of muscle …

Mammals have remarkably diverse limb proportions hypothesized to have evolved
adaptively in the context of locomotion and other behaviors. Mechanistically, evolutionary …

Animals must integrate feedforward, feedback and intrinsic mechanical control mechanisms
to maintain stable locomotion. Recent studies of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) revealed …

Knowing the influence of intrinsic and environmental traits on animals' movement is a central
interest of ecology and can aid to enhance management decisions. The giant anteater …

As animals increase in size, common patterns of morphological and physiological scaling
may require them to perform behaviors such as locomotion while experiencing a reduced …