Osteonecrosis, which is typically induced by trauma, glucocorticoid abuse, or alcoholism, is
one of the most severe diseases in clinical orthopedics. Osteonecrosis often leads to joint …

Exposure of cells to externally applied magnetic fields or to scaffolding materials with
intrinsic magnetic properties (magnetic actuation) can regulate several biological responses …

Bone marrow (BM) is a reliable source of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs),
which have been successfully used for treating osteonecrosis. Considering the functional …

Tissue engineering is theoretically thought to be a promising method for the reconstruction
of biological joints, and thus, offers a potential treatment alternative for advanced …

Objectives Fluorine, an organic trace element, has been shown to unfavourably effect
osteoclasts function at a low dose. Use of hydroxyapatite (HA) has been effective in …

Large and complex bone defects represent challenging clinical scenarios, typically requiring
autologous vascularized bone transplants. In order to bypass the numerous associated …

The in vivo bioreactor principle, which focuses on using the body as a living bioreactor to
cultivate stem cells, bioscaffolds, and growth factors and leveraging the body's self …

Osteonecrosis without effective early treatment eventually leads to the collapse of the
articular surface and causes arthritis. For the early stages of osteonecrosis, core …

Bioreactors enabling direct perfusion of cell suspensions or culture media through the pores
of 3D scaffolds have long been used in tissue engineering to improve cell seeding efficiency …

Subchondral bone tissue plays a key role in the initiation and progression of human and
experimental osteoarthritis and has received considerable interest as a treatment target …