Hydrothermal circulation and alteration at mid-ocean ridges and ridge flanks have a key role
in regulating seawater chemistry and global chemical fluxes, and support diverse …

Hydrothermal processes and seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits have different
characteristics at fast and slow spreading mid-ocean ridges. One such parameter is the age …

The InterRidge Vents Database is available online as the authoritative reference for
locations of active submarine hydrothermal vent fields. Here we describe the revision of the …

Sea-floor massive sulfide deposits represent a new type of base and precious metal
resources that may be exploited by future deep-sea mining operations. These deposits …

At least 70% of the volcanism on Earth occurs along the 65,000 km network of mid-ocean
ridge (MOR) spreading centers. Within these dynamic environments, the highest fluxes of …

Volcanic eruptions are important events in Earth's cycle of magma generation and crustal
construction. Over durations of hours to years, eruptions produce new deposits of lava …

Hydrothermal vent deposits form on the seafloor as a result of cooling and mixing of hot
hydrothermal fluids with cold seawater. Amongst the major sulfide and sulfate minerals that …

ABSTRACT The East Pacific Rise from~ 9–10° N is an archetype for a fastspreading mid-
ocean ridge. In particular, the segment near 9° 50'N has been the focus of multidisciplinary …

Hydrothermal activity results in the formation of hydrothermal mineral deposits, including
seafloor massive sulfide deposits, at oceanic spreading ridges, arcs, and back-arcs. As …

Hydrothermal sulfide deposits that form on the seafloor are often located by the detection of
hydrothermal plumes in the water column, followed by exploration with deep-towed …