Tire-rubber related pollutant 6-PPD quinone: A review of its transformation, environmental distribution, bioavailability, and toxicity

X Hua, D Wang - Journal of hazardous materials, 2023 - Elsevier
The antioxidant 6-PPD has been widely used to prevent cracking and thermal oxidative
degradation and to extend the service life of tire rubber. 6-PPD quinone (6-PPDQ) is formed …

Screening p-Phenylenediamine Antioxidants, Their Transformation Products, and Industrial Chemical Additives in Crumb Rubber and Elastomeric Consumer …

HN Zhao, X Hu, M Gonzalez, CA Rideout… - Environmental …, 2023 - ACS Publications
Recently, roadway releases of N, N′-substituted p-phenylenediamine (PPD) antioxidants
and their transformation products (TPs) received significant attention due to the highly toxic …

Environmental occurrence and toxicity of 6PPD quinone, an emerging tire rubber-derived chemical: a review

K Zoroufchi Benis, A Behnami, S Minaei… - … & Technology Letters, 2023 - ACS Publications
N-(1, 3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is a chemical added to tires
to prevent their oxidative degradation. 6PPD is highly reactive with ozone and oxygen …

[HTML][HTML] Strategies for compatibilization of polymer/waste tire rubber systems prepared via melt-blending

K Formela - Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer …, 2023 - Elsevier
Waste tires are a low-cost and high-calorific alternative fuel, therefore energy recovery is still
very popular method of their utilization. On the other hand, waste tires are composed from …

[HTML][HTML] Environmental profiles, hazard identification, and toxicological hallmarks of emerging tire rubber-related contaminants 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone

Y Jiang, C Wang, L Ma, T Gao, Y Wāng - Environment International, 2024 - Elsevier
Abstract N-(1, 3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is commonly used in
rubber compounds as antioxidants to protect against degradation from heat, oxygen, and …

[HTML][HTML] Neurotoxicity from long-term exposure to 6-PPDQ: Recent advances

CS Ma, DL Li, F Wang, JP Wang, MT He - … and Environmental Safety, 2024 - Elsevier
The recent acceleration of industrialization and urbanization has brought significant
attention to N-(1, 3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6-PPDQ), an …

Emerging investigator series: in-depth chemical profiling of tire and artificial turf crumb rubber: aging, transformation products, and transport pathways

MH McMinn, X Hu, K Poisson, P Berger… - … Science: Processes & …, 2024 - pubs.rsc.org
Crumb rubber generated from end-of-life tires (ELTs) poses a threat to environmental and
human health based on its widespread use. Of particular concern is the use of ELT crumb …

Emerging Health Risks of Crumb Rubber: Inhalation of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals via Saliva During Artificial Turf Activities

Q Huang, J Wang, J Wang, D Yu… - … Science & Technology, 2023 - ACS Publications
Crumb rubber (CR) is a commonly used infill material in artificial turf worldwide. However,
the potential health risk associated with exposure to CR containing environmentally …

Recycled tire rubber materials in the spotlight. Determination of hazardous and lethal substances

A Duque-Villaverde, D Armada, T Dagnac… - Science of The Total …, 2024 - Elsevier
One way of recycling end-of-life tires is by shredding them to obtain crumb rubber, a
microplastic material (< 0.5 mm), used as infill in artificial turf sports fields or as playground …

[HTML][HTML] In vitro endocrine and cardiometabolic toxicity associated with artificial turf materials

KR Siegel, BR Murray, J Gearhart… - Environmental Toxicology …, 2024 - Elsevier
Artificial turf, a consumer product growing in usage in the United States, contains diverse
chemicals, some of which are endocrine disruptive. Endocrine effects from turf material …