Background Physical therapy (PT) is one of the key disciplines in interdisciplinary stroke
rehabilitation. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an update of the evidence for …

Lack of neural innervation due to neurological damage renders muscle unable to produce
force. Use of electrical stimulation is a medium in which investigators have tried to find a way …

Electrical stimulation is used to elicit muscle contraction and can be utilized for
neurorehabilitation following spinal cord injury when paired with voluntary motor training …

Biometrics refers to as scientific and technological measurements of either physiological or
behavioral human characteristics. eg fingerprints, face, iris, hand geometry, voice and gait …

Background: Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) is a disabling complication affecting stroke
survivors. In this context, rehabilitation might play a key role in its clinical management …

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been widely adopted to elicit muscle contraction
in rehabilitation training after spinal cord injury (SCI). Conventional FES modalities include …

Purpose: In response to requests from physiotherapists for guidance on optimal stimulation
of muscle using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), a review, synthesis, and …

Background. Different therapeutic methods are being used to prevent or decrease long‐term
impairments of the upper arm in stroke patients. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is …

Objectives Shoulder subluxation is a common problem after stroke. It causes shoulder pain
that affects activities of daily living. This study aimed to investigate the effect of repetitive …

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of brain–computer interface (BCI)‐
controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES) training on shoulder subluxation of patients …