Near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores have unique features that endow them with several
advantages over conventional shorter wavelength emitting dyes. As a result, they have been …

The microenvironment is indispensable for functionality of various biomacromolecules,
subcellular compartments, living cells, and organisms. In particular, physical properties …

Protons play crucial roles in many physiological and pathological processes, such as
receptor-mediated signal transduction, ion transport, endocytosis, homeostasis, cell …

Intracellular pH values are some of the most important factors that govern biological
processes and the acid–base homeostasis in cells, body fluids and organs sustains the …

Fluorogenic probes in the near-infrared (NIR) region have the potential to provide stimuli-
dependent information in living organisms. Here, we describe a new class of fluorogenic …

Highlights•New fluorophores with optimised photophysical properties for in vivo
imaging.•Near-infrared-emitting fluorophore scaffolds that can be modularly functionalised.• …

Polymethine cyanine dyes have been widely recognized as promising chemical tools for a
range of life science and biomedical applications, such as fluorescent staining of DNA and …

Abstract Changes of physiological pH are correlated with several pathologies, therefore the
development of more effective medical pH imaging methods is of paramount importance …

Microbial biofilms and most eukaryotic tissues consist of cells embedded in a three-
dimensional extracellular matrix. This matrix serves as a scaffold for cell adhesion and a …

The rapid development of nanotechnology and optical imaging techniques provide the
opportunity for visualizable monitoring the occurrence and progression of cancers with high …