Abstract IL-12 and IL-23 are closely related cytokines with important roles in the regulation of
tissue inflammation. Converging evidence from studies in mice, human observational …

Proteus species, members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, are usually considered
commensals in the gut and are most commonly recognized clinically as a cause of urinary …

Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies are successfully used in the therapy of
inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, the molecular mechanism of action of these …

Objective Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies are successfully used for treatment of
Crohn's disease. Nevertheless, approximately 40% of patients display failure to anti-TNF …

Primary nonresponse and primary nonremission are important limitations of tumor necrosis
factor (TNF) antagonists, occurring in 10% to 40% and 50% to 80% of patients with …

Background Vedolizumab is a gut-selective α4β7 integrin antagonist for the treatment of
moderately to severely active Crohn's disease (CD). Aims of this study were to characterize …

The management of patients with moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease was
transformed with the arrival of anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. Nevertheless, a …

Objective Lymphocyte recruitment to the inflamed gut is increased in UC. Inhibition of this
cell trafficking by vedolizumab (VDZ) was successful in inducing and maintaining remission …

Effective prevention and management of osteoporosis would require suitable methods for
population screenings and early diagnosis. Current clinically-available diagnostic methods …

Objective MicroRNA (miR)-301a is known to be involved in the tumourigenesis and
pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, but it remains unclear whether miR-301a is …