Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play important roles in plant survival and in creating
ecological connections between other species. In addition to providing a variety of valuable …

Diverse molecular processes regulate the interactions between plants and insect
herbivores. Here, we review genes and proteins that are involved in plant–herbivore …

Plants protect themselves with a vast array of toxic secondary metabolites, yet most plants
serve as food for insects. The evolutionary processes that allow herbivorous insects to resist …

Flavonoids are stress-inducible metabolites important for plant-microbe interactions. In
contrast to their well-known function in initiating rhizobia nodulation in legumes, little is …

Plant secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids, are major metabolites widely found in
plants that play several key roles in plant defence and signalling in response to stress …

Phenylpropanoids are a large class of plant secondary metabolites derived from aromatic
amino acids phenylalanine in most plants or tyrosine in partial monocots. It mainly includes …

Plants produce chemical defenses that poison insect herbivores or deter their feeding, but
herbivores are also accompanied by microbial endosymbionts crucial for their nutrition …

Plants are adapted to sense numerous stress stimuli and mount efficient defense responses
by directing intricate signaling pathways. They respond to undesirable circumstances to …

WRKY transcription factors (TF s) are well known for regulating plant abiotic and biotic stress
tolerance. However, much less is known about how WRKY TF s affect plant-specialized …

Plants are constantly challenged by a multitude of pathogens and pests, which causes
massive yield and quality losses annually. A promising approach to reduce such losses is to …