A fast growing number of studies demonstrates that language diversity influences almost all
management decisions in modern multinational corporations. Whereas no doubt remains …

This paper reviews the literature on the effects of distance arising from country differences
on outcomes at the firm and subsidiary level. It provides some clarity on what has been …

Purpose Structural equation modeling (SEM) has been widely used to examine complex
research models in international business and marketing research. While the covariance …

Open Innovation describes an emergent model of innovation in which firms draw on
research and development that may lie outside their own boundaries. In some cases, such …

This paper extends and builds on Ronen and Shenkar's synthesized cultural clustering of
countries based on similarity and dissimilarity in work-related attitudes. The new map uses …

The Open Innovation paradigm can be understood as the antithesis of the traditional vertical
integration model where internal research and development (R&D) activities lead to …

In recent years there has been a considerable interest in the cultural aspects of tourism such
as the impacts of culture on tourism planning, development, management, and marketing …

Abstract Language lies at the heart of international business (IB) activities. It is a necessary
constituent of ongoing sequences of decisions and resource commitments that characterize …

This paper aims to shed light on the interplay of knowledge transfer mechanisms and
distance within the MNC. While it is largely undisputed that cross-boarder knowledge flows …

This study investigated whether regional differences in economic, socio-psychological, and
environmental distance affect tourists' destination choices. Taking Hangzhou, China, as a …