A major shift is happening within neurophysiology: a population doctrine is drawing level
with the single-neuron doctrine that has long dominated the field. Population-level ideas …

Explore-exploit decisions require us to trade off the benefits of exploring unknown options to
learn more about them, with exploiting known options, for immediate reward. Such decisions …

A growing preclinical and clinical body of work on the effects of chronic drug use and drug
addiction has extended the scope of inquiry from the putative reward-related subcortical …

Sex-based modulation of cognitive processes could set the stage for individual differences
in vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders. While value-based decision making processes …

When choosing between options, we must associate their values with the actions needed to
select them. We hypothesize that the brain solves this binding problem through neural …

Perceptual decision-makers often display a constant rate of errors independent of evidence
strength. These 'lapses' are treated as a nuisance arising from noise tangential to the …

A frequent assumption in value-based decision-making tasks is that agents make decisions
based on the feature dimension that reward probabilities vary on. However, in complex …

Highlights•Curiosity is an intrinsic information-seeking drive.•Observing tasks allow the
separation of information from reward.•Functionally, curiosity can be defined as the control of …

Understanding the behavior of primates is important for primatology, for psychology, and for
biology more broadly. It is also important for biomedicine, where primates are an important …

Over 50 years of research have established that cognitive processes influence pupil size.
This has led to the widespread use of pupil size as a peripheral measure of cortical …