The sessile nature of plants' life is endowed with a highly evolved defense system to adapt
and survive under environmental extremes. To combat such stresses, plants have …

Plant resource allocation patterns often reveal tradeoffs that favor growth (G) over defense
(D), or vice versa. Ecologists most often explain G–D tradeoffs through principles of …

Starch is a significant store of sugars, and the starch-sugar interconversion in source and
sink tissues plays a profound physiological role in all plants. In this review, we discuss how …

Cellular sugar status is essentially maintained during normal growth conditions but is
impacted negatively during various environmental perturbations. Drought presents one such …

The adaptation of plant metabolism to stress-induced energy deficiency involves profound
changes in amino acid metabolism. Anabolic reactions are suppressed, whereas respiratory …

Foliar anthocyanins, as well as other secondary metabolites, accumulate transiently under
nutritional stress. A misconception that only nitrogen or phosphorus deficiency induces leaf …

Plastids communicate their developmental and physiological status to the nucleus via
retrograde signaling, allowing nuclear gene expression to be adjusted appropriately …

Due to their well-known antifungal activity, the intentional use of silver nanoparticles
(AgNPs) as sustainable nanofungicides is expected to increase in agriculture. However, the …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are present at low and
controlled levels under normal conditions. These reactive molecules can increase to high …

Target of rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that plays a central
role in both plants and animals, despite their distinct developmental programs and survival …