Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) acting as the
first line of defense in the brain by phagocytosing harmful pathogens and cellular debris …

Macrophages are present in all vertebrate tissues, from mid-gestation throughout life,
constituting a widely dispersed organ system. They promote homeostasis by responding to …

Microglia have critical roles in neural development, homeostasis and neuroinflammation
and are increasingly implicated in age-related neurological dysfunction. Neurodegeneration …

Innate immune responses, particularly activation of macrophages and microglia, are
increasingly implicated in CNS disorders. It is now appreciated that the heterogeneity of …

As the major cellular component of the innate immune system in the central nervous system
(CNS) and the first line of defense whenever injury or disease occurs, microglia play a …

Activation of the peripheral immune system elicits a coordinated response from the central
nervous system. Key to this immune to brain communication is that glia, microglia, and …

The population of aged individuals is increasing worldwide and this has significant health
and socio-economic implications. Clinical and experimental studies on aging have …

Efferocytosis, or phagocytic clearance of dead/dying cells by brain-resident microglia and/or
infiltrating macrophages, is instrumental for inflammation resolution and restoration of brain …

Microglia were first identified over a century ago, but our knowledge about their ontogeny
and functions has significantly expanded only recently. Microglia colonize the central …

Activated microglia and macrophages exert dual beneficial and detrimental roles after
central nervous system injury, which are thought to be due to their polarization along a …