On-screen reading is becoming increasingly prevalent in educational settings, and children
are now are expected to comprehend texts that they read on screens. However, research …

Recent research in a text-based educational context has demonstrated a seemingly
paradoxical disfluency effect in reading, namely that learning with hard-to-read (disfluent) …

There has been a significant rise in the use of computers and electronic devices for reading
in both personal and educational settings. Work on the effects of presentation modality on …

Fake websites extract an enormous financial and psychological toll on consumers across
the globe, with some estimates reaching billions of dollars each year. Yet, there is a paucity …

Presenting information in a perceptually degraded format sometimes enhances learning
outcomes. However, earlier studies in which words were presented in large or small fonts in …

While some difficult learning conditions can improve learning, the findings regarding the
contribution to learning of disfluent, hard-to-read text materials have been inconsistent. We …

The experience of fluency while learning might bias students' metacognitive judgments of
learning (JOLs) and impair the efficacy of their study behaviors. In the present experiments …

Does word flickering facilitate reading? Despite a lack of scientific evidence, flickering
glasses and lamps for dyslexia are being marketed in various countries. We conducted four …

People are often presented with large amounts of information to remember, and in many
cases, the font size of information may be indicative of its importance (such as headlines or …

Social identity theory states that a person's self-concept is created from comparison with
others (Walsh & Gordon, 2008). In the case of reading, oral reading is a salient feature …