Lymphocytes maturing in the thymus (T cells) are key factors in adaptive immunity and the
regulation of inflammation. The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism includes …

Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remain a significant health, social and
economic problem around the globe. The development of therapeutic strategies for CNS …

Amino acids are fundamental units of molecular components that are essential for sustaining
life; however, their metabolism is closely interconnected to the control systems of cell …

Indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the initial rate‐limiting step in the
degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. When …

Polyamines (ie, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are bioactive polycations capable of
binding nucleic acids and proteins and modulating signaling pathways. Polyamine functions …

As a result of a long evolutionary history, serotonin plays a variety of physiological roles,
including neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and endocrine functions. While …

The aromatic amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) is essentially metabolized along the host and
microbial pathways. While much is known about the role played by downstream metabolites …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that deteriorates
cognitive function. Patients with AD generally exhibit neuroinflammation, elevated beta …

The metabolism of L-tryptophan (TRP) regulates homeostasis, immunity, and neuronal
function. Altered TRP metabolism has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various …

Conversion of tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine is the first and rate-limiting step of the
tryptophan metabolic pathway (ie, the kynurenine pathway). This conversion is catalyzed by …