During pregnancy and lactation, female physiology adapts to meet the added nutritional
demands of fetuses and neonates. An average full-term fetus contains∼ 30 g calcium, 20 g …

Amylin is a pancreatic β-cell hormone that produces effects in several different organ
systems. Here, we review the literature in rodents and in humans on amylin research since …

The adult skeleton regenerates by temporary cellular structures that comprise teams of
juxtaposed osteoclasts and osteoblasts and replace periodically old bone with new. A …

Understanding the mechanism by which tumor cells influence osteoclast differentiation is
crucial for improving treatment of osteolytic metastasis. Here, we report broad microRNA …

Mg alloys are biodegradable metals widely used in orthopedic and cardiovascular
applications because Mg ions are essential trace elements known to induce angiogenesis …

Excessive bone erosion by osteoclasts is associated with osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis,
and periprosthetic osteolysis. Targeting osteoclasts may serve as an effective treatment for …

Atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac arrhythmia, is an important contributor to mortality
and morbidity, and particularly to the risk of stroke in humans. Atrial-tissue fibrosis is a …

Calcitonin was discovered over 50 yr ago as a new hormone that rapidly lowers circulating
calcium levels. This effect is caused by the inhibition of calcium efflux from bone, as …

The hormone calcitonin (CT) is primarily known for its pharmacologic action as an inhibitor
of bone resorption, yet CT-deficient mice display increased bone formation. These findings …

In this article we consider the mechanisms by which the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)
induces its cellular responses via the control (activation or inhibition) of signaling pathways …