On a global scale, tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most frequent causes of pleural
effusions. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease has evolved and what was …

Tuberculous (TB) pleural effusion occurs in approximately 5% of patients with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The HIV pandemic has been associated with a …

Miliary tuberculosis is a potentially lethal form of tuberculosis resulting from massive
lymphohaematogeneous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. The …

During tuberculosis (TB) infection, the granuloma provides the microenvironment in which
antigen‐specific T cells colocate with and activate infected macrophages to inhibit the …

Tuberculous effusion is a common disease entity with a spectrum of presentations from a
largely benign effusion, which resolves completely, to a complicated effusion with …

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of death worldwide, and the commonest
cause of death in people living with HIV. Globally, pleural TB remains one of the most …

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide. 1
Despite TB being both preventable and curable, an estimated 10 million people fell ill with …

Orchestration of an effective T lymphocyte response at infection sites is critical for protection
against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. However, the local T cell immunity …

Rationale: The inadequacy of effector T-cell response in containment of tubercle bacilli is
believed to result in the development of disseminated forms of tuberculosis (TB), such as …

CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Regulatory T cells (Treg) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) molecules
have emerged as pivotal players in immune suppression of chronic diseases. However, their …