In multicellular organisms, angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-
existing ones, is an essential process for growth and development. Different mechanisms …

The terms MSC and MSCs have become the preferred acronym to describe a cell and a cell
population of multipotential stem/progenitor cells commonly referred to as mesenchymal …

Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) nomenclature remains ambiguous and there is a general
lack of concordance in the stem cell field with many distinct cell subtypes continually …

Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a subject of intense experimental and
biomedical interest. Recently, trophic activities of MSCs have become the topic of a number …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-
β) family that signal via type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors and intracellular …

Ischaemic diseases such as critical limb ischaemia and myocardial infarction affect millions
of people worldwide. Transplanting endothelial cells (ECs) is a promising therapy in …

Reconstruction of large bone defects is limited by insufficient vascularization and slow bone
regeneration. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of spatial and temporal …

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (h-iPSC)–derived endothelial cells (h-iECs) have
become a valuable tool in regenerative medicine. However, current differentiation protocols …

Endoglin (ENG) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on endothelial cells that
functions as a co-receptor for several ligands of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) …

Blood vessels are conduits distributed throughout the body, supporting tissue growth and
homeostasis by the transport of cells, oxygen and nutrients. Endothelial cells (ECs) form the …