This review is intended to provide a critical and up-to-date survey of the analytical
approximate methods that are encountered in scattering from random rough surfaces. The …

Rugged terrain, including mountains, hills, and some high lands are typical land surfaces
around the world. As a physical parameter for characterizing the anisotropic reflectance of …

Microfacet models have proven very successful for modeling light reflection from rough
surfaces. In this paper we review microfacet theory and demonstrate how it can be extended …

The topographies of various surfaces have been studied in many fields due to the significant
influence that surfaces have on the practical performance of a given sample. A …

Material models are essential to the production of photo‐realistic images. Measured BRDFs
provide accurate representation with complex visual appearance, but have larger storage …

Directional wave spectra and integrated wave parameters can be derived from X-band radar
sea surface images. The calibration of such spectra has until now depended on various …

Electromagnetic wave scattering from random rough surfaces is an active, interdisciplinary
area of research with myriad practical applications in fields such as optics, acoustics …

We investigate the expressiveness of the microfacet model for isotropic bidirectional
reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs) measured from real materials by introducing a …

An efficient slope-deterministic facet model for the computation of the radar scattering cross
section from electrically large sea surface is presented. As a facet-based theory, it is a more …

This paper focuses on microfacet reflectance models, and more precisely on the definition of
a new and more general distribution function, which includes both Beckmann's and GGX …