Osteoporosis is a common bone metabolic disease in postmenopausal women, diabetic
patients and obese patients and is characterized by an imbalance in bone formation and …

Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD), including aortic stenosis, atherosclerosis
and cardiovascular calcification, are well documented. High levels of testosterone, the …

The metazoan innate immune second messenger 2′ 3′-cGAMP is present both inside
and outside cells. However, only extracellular cGAMP can be negatively regulated by the …

Pathological mineralization of intervertebral disc is debilitating and painful and linked to disc
degeneration in a subset of human patients. An adenosine triphosphate efflux transporter …

Cardiac wound healing following ischemic injury requires a well-described spatiotemporal
progression of events involving multiple cell types and cell-cell interactions. While cellular …

Vascular calcification is associated with aging, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis, and
increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is an active, highly regulated …

Objective: Obesity caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) will expand adipose tissue and cause
chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, leading to osteoporosis. Folic acid (FA) is a water …

Background Meg3 has been shown to attenuate T2DM bone autophagy by activating p62 to
inhibit bone formation. However, whether exercise can reverse this process to promote …

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common heart disease of the developed
world. It has previously been established that metformin administration reduces arterial …

BACKGROUND: The neural regulation of bone regeneration has emerged recently. Spexin
(SPX) is a novel neuropeptide and regulates multiple biological functions. However, the …