The vagus nerve is a mixed nerve, comprising 80% afferent fibers and 20% efferent fibers. It
allows a bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the digestive …

There has been an explosion in our knowledge of the pathways and mechanisms by which
the immune system can influence the brain and behavior. In the context of inflammation, pro …

BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that inflammation is involved in the neurodegenerative
cascade leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and symptoms. This study sought to …

Air pollution has been implicated as a chronic source of neuroinflammation and reactive
oxygen species (ROS) that produce neuropathology and central nervous system (CNS) …

The present review assesses the current state of literature defining integrative autonomic-
immune physiological processing, focusing on studies that have employed …

Accumulating evidence suggests that outdoor air pollution may have a significant impact on
central nervous system (CNS) health and disease. To address this issue, the National …

Inflammation is implicated in the progressive nature of neurodegenerative diseases, such as
Parkinson's disease, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. A single systemic …

Anyone who has experienced a viral or bacterial infection knows well the feelings of
sickness, in the form of malaise, lassitude, fatigue, numbness, chills, muscle and joint aches …

Amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the main neuropathological hallmarks in
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. However, it …

Inflammatory reactions occur in the brain in various CNS diseases, including autoimmune,
neurodegenerative, and epileptic disorders. Proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines …