Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are common surgical emergencies and have been reported
as major contributors to non-trauma deaths in hospitals worldwide. The cornerstones of …

Background Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is increasingly performed in an ever ageing
population; however, the risks are poorly quantified. The study aims to review the current …

Background A reliable system for grading operative difficulty of laparoscopic
cholecystectomy would standardise description of findings and reporting of outcomes. The …

Background The prediction of a difficult cholecystectomy has traditionally been based on
certain pre-operative clinical and imaging factors. Most of the previous literature reported …

The incidence of biliary injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has shown a
declining trend though it may still be twice that as with open cholecystectomy. Major biliary …

Introduction Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the gold-standard approach for
cholecystectomy, has surprisingly variable outcomes and conversion rates. Only recently …

Biliary lithiasis is a global disorder affecting nearly 20% of the world's population, although
most cases occur without symptoms. Gallbladder stones could move into the common bile …

Gallstones affect 20% of the Western population and will grow in clinical significance as
obesity and metabolic diseases become more prevalent. Gallbladder removal …

Background Open conversion rates during laparoscopic cholecystectomy vary depending
on many factors. Surgeon experience and operative difficulty influence the decision to …

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a standard treatment for patients with gallstones in the
gallbladder. However, multiple risk factors affect the probability of conversion from …