Aortic aneurysms are a common vascular disease in Western populations that can involve
virtually any portion of the aorta. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are much more common than …

Estrogen is a potent steroid with pleiotropic effects, which have yet to be fully elucidated.
Estrogen has both nuclear and non-nuclear effects. The rapid response to estrogen, which …

The sites and patterns of tortuosity are dependent on key anatomic factors. These include:•
Anatomic fixation—vascular elongation between 2 fixed points will give rise to tortuosity. 16 …

Sufficient uteroplacental blood flow is essential for normal pregnancy outcome and is
accomplished by the coordinated growth and remodeling of the entire uterine circulation, as …

Hypertension (HTN) is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) events, target organ
damage (TOD), premature death and disability worldwide. The pathophysiology of HTN is …

Aortic stiffness (AoS) is a maladaptive response to hemodynamic stress and both modifiable
and non-modifiable risk factors, and elevated AoS increases afterload for the heart. AoS is a …

Aortic stiffness increases with advancing age, more than doubling during the human life
span, and is a robust predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) clinical events independent …

This review discusses sexual dimorphism in arterial stiffening, disease pathology
interactions, and the influence of sex on mechanisms and pathways. Arterial stiffness …

Arterial stiffness and compliance are major predictors of adverse cardiovascular events and
are influenced by female sex hormones, including estrogen and progesterone. The aim of …

Objective To test the hypothesis that the expression of the different isoforms of the estrogen
receptor alpha (ER-α) and beta (ER-β) and the progesterone receptor A (PR-A) and B (PR …