This study investigated several ground collapses in sandy cobble strata induced by shield
tunneling in two intervals of Lanzhou Metro Line 1 and proposed corresponding control …

One of the most important aspects of tunnelling in soft grounds is to reduce any possible
adverse environmental impact. That is, pre-supporting techniques are found to boost …

Groundwater decrease and quality deterioration are common phenomena at coastal areas
with subway tunnels in the world. This study investigated the problems in Busan …

Surface settlement is considered as an adverse effect induced by tunneling in the civil
projects. This paper proposes the use of the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) for …

When shield tunnel passes through karst strata, the existence and development of karst
caves will inevitably affect the safety of tunnel construction. Therefore, the karst caves in the …