The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the age of affected patients are increasing
owing to increased longevity of the general population and the availability of effective …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with both genetic and environmental factors that
influence disease susceptibility. Exposure to cigarette smoke is emerging as a viable …

Background: Anxiety, depression and fatigue are commonly reported by persons with
multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Objectives: We estimated the prevalence of each factor in a …

Background A female/male (F/M) ratio increase over time in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients
was demonstrated in many countries around the world. So far, a direct comparison of sex …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common acquired inflammatory demyelinating disorder of
the central nervous system (CNS). Not unlike many inflammatory diseases with a presumed …

A genetic contribution to susceptibility is well established in multiple sclerosis (MS) and 57
associated genetic loci have been identified. We have undertaken a meta-analysis of …

Microglia become activated immune cells during infection or disease in the central nervous
system (CNS). However, the mechanisms that downregulate activated microglia to prevent …

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating CNS disease and the
most common neurological immune-mediated disorder. Due to its progressive format, it …

Objective: We investigated the association between 52 risk variants identified through
genome-wide association studies and disease severity in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods …

Background The geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) is classically divided into
three zones based on frequency that were established by Kurtzke in the early 1970s. In …