The biofilm matrix can be considered to be a shared space for the encased microbial cells,
comprising a wide variety of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), such as …

Biofilms are a widely observed growth mode in which microbial communities are spatially
structured and embedded in a polymeric extracellular matrix. Here, we focus on the model …

Bacteria and fungi have developed resistance to the existing therapies such as antibiotics
and antifungal drugs, and multiple mechanisms are mediating this resistance. Among these …

Biofilm-dispersing enzymes degrade the extracellular polymeric matrix surrounding bacterial
biofilms, disperse the microbial community and increase their susceptibility to antibiotics and …

Over millennia, bacteria have developed clever strategies to build biopolymer‐based
communities in which they can survive even extremely challenging conditions. Such …

The human pathogen Vibrio cholerae grows as biofilms, communities of cells encased in an
extracellular matrix. When growing in biofilms, cells compete for resources and space. One …

Biofilms are matrix-encased microbial communities that increase the environmental fitness
and infectivity of many human pathogens including Vibrio cholerae. Biofilm matrix assembly …

The higher efficiency of electro-fermentation in synthesizing medium-chain fatty acids
(MCFAs) compared to traditional fermentation has been acknowledged. However, the …

In urbanized areas, extracellular DNA (exDNA) is suspected of carrying genes with
undesirable traits like virulence genes (VGs) or antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which …

Introduction Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a common pathogen associated
with biofilm infections, which can lead to persistent infections. Therefore, there is an urgent …