Abstract Background Question Answering (QA) systems enable users to retrieve exact
answers for questions posed in natural language. Objective This study aims at identifying …

Question classification is one of the essential tasks for automatic question answering
implementation in natural language processing (NLP). Recently, there have been several …

This is a new substantially revised edition of the book, where we discuss the use of syntactic
information (represented as syntactic n-grams) in the tasks of computational linguistics …

We propose a novel way of the conversational recommendation where instead of asking
user questions to acquire her preferences, the recommender tracks her conversations with …

In the Introduction, we discussed that chatbot platforms offered by enterprises turned out to
be good for simple cases, not really enterprise-level deployments. In this chapter we make a …

Automated Scoring is a developing technology. The accuracy and reliability of these
systems have been proven to be much higher. Besides being a time-and money-saver, there …

Abstract Systems, devices, and methods of the present invention relate to extended
discourse trees and using extended discourse trees to navigate text. In an example, a …

(57) APSTRACT Systems, devices, and methods of the present disclosure use discourse
analysis and other techniques to form questions and answers from text. The questions and …

We propose a Machine reading comprehension (MRC) method based on the Abstract
Meaning Representation (AMR) framework and a universal graph alignment algorithm. We …

Abstract Machine learning (ML) has been successfully applied to a wide variety of fields
ranging from information retrieval, data mining, and speech recognition, to computer …