The Western honey bee (Apis mellifera L., Hymenoptera: Apidae) is a species of crucial
economic, agricultural and environmental importance. In the last ten years, some regions of …

In the past centuries, viruses have benefited from globalization to spread across the globe,
infecting new host species and populations. A growing number of viruses have been …

Current knowledge of RNA virus biodiversity is both biased and fragmentary, reflecting a
focus on culturable or disease-causing agents. Here we profile the transcriptomes of over …

Emerging diseases are among the greatest threats to honey bees. Unfortunately, where and
when an emerging disease will appear are almost impossible to predict. The arrival of the …

Deformed wing virus (DWV) has become the most well-known, widespread, and intensively
studied insect pathogen in the world. Although DWV was previously present in honeybee …

Viruses are omnipresent, yet the knowledge on drivers of viral prevalence in wild host
populations is often limited. Biotic factors, such as sympatric managed host species, as well …

Since 2006, disastrous colony losses have been reported in Europe and North America. The
causes of the losses were not readily apparent and have been attributed to overwintering …

The Western honey bee, Apis mellifera, is the most important animal pollinator in agriculture
worldwide providing more than 90% of the commercial pollination services. Due to the …

Methods are described for working with Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in the field and
in the laboratory. For fieldwork, different sampling methods are described to determine …

Highlights•The terms 'colony losses' and 'CCD'are defined.•The existing correlative evidence
for viruses as drivers of colony losses is evaluated.•Results from controlled infection …