Bed rest studies of the past 20 years are reviewed. Head-down bed rest (HDBR) has proved
its usefulness as a reliable simulation model for the most physiological effects of spaceflight …

The most common method of clinical measurement of arterial blood pressure is by means of
the cuff sphygmomanometer. This instrument has provided fundamental quantitative …

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a small heart coupled
with reduced blood volume contributes to the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome …

The arterial baroreflex contributes importantly to the short-term regulation of blood pressure
and cardiovascular variability. A number of factors (including reflex, humoral, behavioral …

Dry immersion, which is a ground-based model of prolonged conditions of microgravity, is
widely used in Russia but is less well known elsewhere. Dry immersion involves immersing …

We have found recently that exercise training is effective in the treatment of the postural
orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Whether this nondrug treatment is superior to …

Since a biosignal can be defined as a description of a physiological phenomenon (Sect. 1),
it is obvious that biosignal parameters reflect physiological parameters. For proper …

Orthostatic intolerance is common when astronauts return to Earth: after brief spaceflight, up
to two‐thirds are unable to remain standing for 10 min. Previous research suggests that …

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an important cause of death in children and SMA type I,
also known as Werdnig-Hoffman disease, is the most severe form of this disease. We report …

Significant progress has been made in the development of countermeasures to attenuate
the negative consequences of prolonged exposure to microgravity on astronauts' bodies …