Sleep spindles are burstlike signals in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the sleeping
mammalian brain and electrical surface correlates of neuronal oscillations in thalamus. As …

Functions of the neocortex depend on its bidirectional communication with the thalamus, via
cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) loops. Recent work dissecting the synaptic connectivity in …

Neuronal cell types are the nodes of neural circuits that determine the flow of information
within the brain. Neuronal morphology, especially the shape of the axonal arbor, provides …

Similarities in neocortical circuit organization across areas and species suggest a common
strategy to process diverse types of information, including sensation from diverse modalities …

Humans and many other animals have an enormous capacity to learn about sensory stimuli
and to master new skills. However, many of the mechanisms that enable us to learn remain …

INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability in children and
adults. TBI affects 69 million people worldwide yearly and can lead to cognitive dysfunction …

The basal ganglia and frontal cortex operate together to execute goal directed behaviors.
This requires not only the execution of motor plans, but also the behaviors that lead to this …

▪ Abstract The highly interconnected networks of the mammalian forebrain can generate a
wide variety of synchronized activities, including those underlying epileptic seizures, which …

The thalamus is a critical component of the frontal cortical-basal ganglia–thalamic circuits
that mediate motivation and emotional drive, planning and cognition for the development …

Determining how long-range synaptic inputs engage pyramidal neurons in primary motor
cortex (M1) is important for understanding circuit mechanisms involved in regulating …