Protein mutagenesis is essential for unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying protein
function in health, disease, and evolution. In the past decade, deep mutational scanning …

The camelid single-domain antibody fragment, commonly referred to as a nanobody,
achieves the targeting power of conventional monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) at only a …

Here we describe labeling with barcodes and enrichment for biochemical analysis by
sequencing (LABEL-seq), an assay for massively parallel profiling of pooled protein variants …

Binding-activated optical sensors are powerful tools for imaging, diagnostics, and
biomolecular sensing. However, biosensor discovery is slow and requires tedious steps in …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an infectious disease that has become a serious burden on …

Nanobodies, single-domain antibodies derived from variable domain of camelid or shark
heavy-chain antibodies, have unique properties with small size, strong binding affinity, easy …

Delineating the precise regions on an antigen that are targeted by antibodies has become a
key step for the development of antibody therapeutics. X-ray crystallography and cryogenic …

Epitope mapping is a technique employed to define the region of an antigen that elicits an
immune response, providing crucial insight into the structural architecture of the antigen as …

Antibodies make up an important and growing class of compounds used for the diagnosis or
treatment of disease. While traditional antibody discovery utilized immunization of animals to …

Removal of CD4 T cell epitopes from therapeutic antibody sequences is expected to mitigate
their potential immunogenicity, but its application is complicated by the location of their T cell …