Abstract Throughout its history, Operational Research has evolved to include methods,
models and algorithms that have been applied to a wide range of contexts. This …

Applied systems thinking has evolved since the 1950s through three paradigm atic waves.
Authors in the first wave regarded systems as real-world entities, and systems models as …

The term 'systemic innovation'is increasing in use, but there is no consensus on its meaning:
five understandings of the term can be identified, each based on a different view of what the …

This accessible textbook draws upon progressions in academic, political and global arenas,
to provide a comprehensive overview of practical issues in psychological work across a …

This chapter provides a brief overview and understanding of the historical evolution of the
field of systems thinking, which has been characterized as occurring in three waves, the last …

Systems thinking is a field characterized by a baffling array of methods and approaches. We
posit that underlying all, however, are four universal rules called DSRP (distinctions …

Within development cooperation, development issues are increasingly recognized as
complex problems requiring new paths towards solving them. In addition to the commonly …

Many scholars point out that in complex and contested decision-making and planning
situations, participatory processes have clear advantages over “traditional” or non …

Wicked problems are open-ended, highly interdependent issues that cross agency,
stakeholder, jurisdictional, and geopolitical boundaries. In response, there has been …

Much applied research takes place as if complex social problems--and evaluations of
interventions to address them--can be dealt with in a purely technical way. In contrast, this …