Background There is an urgent need to drive improvements in the efficiency and
effectiveness of food chains. The global population is expected to reach at least 9 billion by …

Fresh produce is an important part of a healthy diet. During the last three decades, the
number of outbreaks caused by foodborne pathogens associated with fresh produce …

Worldwide, clinical data remain the gold standard for disease surveillance and tracking.
However, such data are limited due to factors such as reporting bias and inability to track …

Handbook of food science, technology, and engineering Page 1 HANDBOOK of FOOD
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND ENGINEERING Volume 4 Edited by YH HUI Associate Editors …

Worldwide annually there are 1.7 million deaths from diarrheal diseases and 1.5 million
deaths from respiratory infections (56). Viruses cause an estimated 60% of human …

Enteric viruses are common waterborne pathogens found in environmental water bodies
contaminated with either raw or partially treated sewage discharge. Examples of these …

Four epidemiological categories were initially devised for classifying water-related infectious
“diseases” with regard to the engineering technologies required to prevent or control them …

Foodborne viruses have been recognized as a growing concern to the food industry and a
serious public health problem. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is responsible for the majority of viral …

Noroviruses (NoVs) are a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide and are recognized as
the foremost cause of foodborne illness. Despite numerous efforts, routine cell cultures have …

Numerous viruses of human or animal origin can spread in the environment and infect
people via water and food, mostly through ingestion and occasionally through skin contact …