The advancement of viral glycomics has paralleled that of the mass spectrometry glycomics
toolbox. In some regard the glycoproteins studied have provided the impetus for this …

Vaccines work primarily by eliciting antibodies, even when recovery from natural infection
depends on cellular immunity. Large efforts have therefore been made to identify microbial …

Prior to each annual flu season, health authorities recommend three or four virus strains for
inclusion in the annual influenza vaccine: a type A: H1N1 virus, a type A: H3N2 virus, and …

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza virus infections. However, the
diversity of antigenically distinct isolates is a challenge for vaccine development. In order to …

The Ebola Virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) sterically shields cell-membrane ligands to
immune receptors such as human leukocyte antigen class-1 (HLA-I) and MHC class I …

Swine H1 influenza viruses were stable within pigs for nearly 70 years until in 1998 when a
classical swine virus reassorted with avian and human influenza viruses to generate the …

Cryptosporidium parvum causes severe diarrhea in infants in developing countries and in
immunosuppressed persons, including those with AIDS. We are interested in the Asn-linked …

Background The A/H3N2 influenza viruses circulated in humans have been shown to
undergo antigenic drift, a process in which amino acid mutations result from nucleotide …

Influenza virus hemagglutinins (HAs) are surface proteins that bind to sialic acid residues at
the host cell surface and ensure further virus internalization. Development of methods for the …

The chemical nature and heterogeneity of most complex carbohydrates makes their
structural characterization very difficult, if not impossible, through experimental structural …