The immune response to acute cerebral ischemia is a major factor in stroke pathobiology
and outcome. While the immune response starts locally in occluded and hypoperfused …

Traditionally, lymphocytic interferon γ (IFN-γ) was considered to be a simple'booster'of
proinflammatory responses by microglia (brain-resident macrophages) during bacterial or …

In recent years, many paradigms concerning central nervous system (CNS) immunology
have been challenged and shifted, including the discovery of CNS-draining lymphatic …

BACKGROUND: The surveillance and effector functions of the immune system are critically
dependent on the appropriate distribution of immune cells in the body. An acute or short …

Microglia are the resident brain macrophages and they have been traditionally studied as
orchestrators of the brain inflammatory response during infections and disease. In addition …

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (TREM2) is linked to risk of
neurodegenerative disease. However, the function of TREM2 in neurodegeneration is still …

The innate immune system plays a dualistic role in the evolution of ischemic brain damage
and has also been implicated in ischemic tolerance produced by different conditioning …

Amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice are surrounded by activated microglia.
The functional role of microglia activation in AD is not well understood; both detrimental and …

Microglia, the tissue macrophages of the brain, have under healthy conditions a resting
phenotype that is characterized by a ramified morphology. With their fine processes …

Brain aging is central to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), although the mechanisms
by which it occurs at protein or cellular levels are not fully understood. Alzheimer's disease is …